2312.01 DESCRIPTION.
This work shall consist of delivery of a granular material consisting of crushed stone or pit run or screened gravel along the shoulder of an existing road in the quantity specified in the contract. Granular material may be furnished by the Contracting Authority in designated pits or may be required to be furnished by the Contractor, as specified. Unless otherwise specified, the material shall be furnished by the Contractor, spread by the Contracting Authority, and consolidated under traffic. These specifications shall apply to new construction or to resurfacing of a previously surfaced road.

All material furnished as Granular Surfacing on Road and intended as temporary surfacing, temporary winter surfacing, temporary surfacing of drives and side roads, and surfacing for local access is to be spread by the Contractor. Blading and shaping, as well as any other work in preparation for or maintaining a suitable surface will be required. This may include some excavation adjacent to paved surfaces. Material used for local access shall be placed at locations designated by the Engineer, and the intention is to provide continuous, all weather access as needed and as directed by the Engineer. Payment for this work is incidental to the payment for the item of Granular Surfacing on Road. The Contractor is not responsible for continuing this work when the operation is suspended during the winter.

Special Winter Granular Surfacing is intended to be the same type of material furnished for Granular Surfacing on Road. The material is to be placed in a stockpile prior to winter suspension in an amount and at a location within the project limits as designated by the Engineer. With reasonable notice, the Engineer may also require additional material to be added to the stockpile while the Contractor's operation is suspended during the winter.

2312.02 MATERIAL.
The material shall meet requirements of Section 4120 for the class of material specified or shall be pit run material from designated locations.

2312.03 CONTRACT SCHEDULE.
A contract may involve any of the following:

A. Furnishing and delivering surfacing material to the road.

B. Preparing and delivering material to the road furnished by the Contracting Authority at locations specified in the contract documents.

C. Preparing material furnished by the Contracting Authority at locations specified in the contract documents. If hauling is required, it shall be bid in 1 mile (1 km) units of haul.

Preparation of material furnished by the Contracting Authority shall include removal of the material from the deposit and sorting, crushing, screening, and washing as may be necessary to produce finished material which will comply with specifications for the class of material required by the contract documents. Delivering or hauling shall include loading, transporting, and depositing the prepared material. Particles 7 inches (175 mm) or less in diameter, included in gravel furnished by the Contracting Authority, shall be crushed to pass a 3/4 inch (19 mm) sieve. Particles greater than 7 inches (175 mm) in diameter may be removed or crushed to pass a 3/4 inch (19 mm) sieve at the option of the Contractor.

When surfacing material is furnished by the Contracting Authority in deposits, the Contracting Authority shall furnish right-of-way necessary for a suitable road from the deposit to a public highway. The Contractor shall assume responsibility for any construction or maintenance work that may be required on the road from the deposit to the public highway.

2312.04 PREPARATION OF SUBGRADE.
The subgrade shall be shaped to a smooth surface having proper grade and cross section. Shaping of the subgrade will be done by the Contracting Authority, unless otherwise specified.

2312.05 STRIPPING AND REMOVAL OF UNSUITABLE MATERIAL.
The Contractor will be required to remove from materials furnished by the Contracting Authority all materials which are not permitted in the surfacing material.

Stripping shall include removal and disposition of material which is not permitted in the prepared surfacing material and which occurs in the material deposit in continuous layers 6 inches (150 mm) or more in thickness overlying or included between layers of satisfactory surfacing material.

When the material is to be taken from pits controlled by or through the Contracting Authority, whether stripping is included as a pay item or not, the Contractor shall, when stripping overburden, conduct the operation as directed by the Engineer and in a manner that, when the excavation is complete, the slopes will be constructed to maintain themselves without caving or sloughing. Material removed for surfacing below the stripped area shall be left with slopes that provide stability to the overburden.

Removal shall mean removal and transportation of material which occurs intermingled with satisfactory surfacing material and which is removed from the surfacing material in the process of preparation. When stripping deposits, care shall be taken to avoid an unsightly appearance of the land. Stripped material shall be removed and transported as directed by the Engineer.

2312.06 EQUIPMENT.
The equipment shall meet requirements of Section 2001 and the following:

A. Weighing Equipment.
Article 2001.07 shall apply.

B. Spreading.
Article 2001.13 apply.

2312.07 COMBINING MATERIALS ON ROAD.
Under normal conditions, material delivered to the road will be a finished mixture meeting requirements for the class of material specified in the contract documents. With approval of the Engineer, pit run gravel which does not comply with the specified gradation may be furnished and combined on the road with coarser gravel or crushed stone to produce a mixture which complies with the specified gradation. These combinations shall be delivered in accordance with the following provisions:

A. Measurement.
Whether the contract unit of measurement is 1 ton (1 Mg) or 1 cubic yard (1 m³), both materials shall be weighed. If the unit of measurement is 1 cubic yard (1 m³), the Engineer will determine the weight (mass) per unit volume of the mixture as follows:

Representative samples of the two materials shall be thoroughly mixed in the proportions in which they are to be delivered to the work. The weight (mass) per unit volume of the mixture shall be determined by the rodding procedure and by the shoveling procedure described in AASHTO T 19M. The average of the two values thus determined shall be taken as the weight (mass) per unit volume of the mixture, and this value shall be used in converting the total weight (mass) of material delivered to cubic yards (cubic meters).

B. Quality.
Materials from each separate source shall meet requirements of Section 4120 for the kind of material used, except the gradation. In addition to the gradation specified, the final mixture shall be well graded from coarse to fine, and the percentage passing the No. 30 (600 µm) sieve shall not be more than 2/3 the percentage passing the No. 8 (2.36 mm) sieve.

C. Proportioning.
From tests of representative samples of the two materials, the Engineer will compute the quantity of each material required to produce a mixture which shall be within the specified gradation. However, neither material shall be less than 10% of the total quantity. The materials shall be delivered in the proportions thus established.

D. Delivery.
Each material shall be delivered into a separate windrow, and each windrow shall be made uniform by the use of a motor grader or windrow equalizer.

E. Mixing.
The two windrows shall be mixed by blading one windrow against the other and blading the single windrow thus formed across the roadbed at least once. Delivery and mixing of the materials shall be coordinated so that at no time will there be more than 2 miles (3 km) of roadway in a partially completed condition. The Contractor shall leave the mixed material in a windrow near one shoulder of the road, as directed by the Engineer.

2312.08 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT.
The work involved for granular surfacing shall be determined by the Engineer as follows:

A. Granular Surfacing Delivered on the Road.
The quantity of granular surfacing of the class specified, delivered on the road, shall be measured in cubic yards (cubic meters) or in tons (megagrams), as indicated in the contract documents.

Measurement may be converted from tons to cubic yards (megagrams to cubic meters) or cubic yards to tons (cubic meters to megagrams) with approval of the Engineer. The conversion factor will be determined by the Engineer.

When measurement is by the cubic yard (cubic meter), all loads shall be leveled and corners filled at the loading point. Measurement shall be checked at the point of delivery. Deductions shall not be made for natural settlement in transit. The tops of end gates on transporting vehicles shall not be lower than the adjacent sides. Weight (mass) measurements shall be on Contractor's weighing equipment in accordance with Article 2001.07. Vehicles shall be loaded to ensure against loss of material between the scales and the point of delivery. Deduction will not be made for the weight (mass) of moisture naturally occurring in the material. When the unit of measurement is a cubic yard (cubic meters) and these materials are mixed on the road surface, the number of cubic yards (cubic meters) to be paid for will be computed by the Engineer, as outlined in Article 2312.07, A.

B. Preparing and Hauling Material Furnished by the Contracting Authority.
The cubic yards (cubic meters) or tons (megagrams) prepared and hauled from deposits furnished by the Contracting Authority will be determined in accordance with Article 2312.08, A.

When the contract provides compensation to the Contractor on the basis of 1 mile (1 km) haul units in addition to the contract price for preparation, the haul will be measured over the shortest practical route from point of loading to point of delivery. Beginning at the loading point, each mile (kilometer) section will be numbered consecutively toward the point of delivery.

The number of additional mile (kilometer) units of haul will be computed by multiplying the number of units of material (cubic yards or tons (cubic meters or megagrams)) delivered in each mile (kilometer) section by the number of that section and adding the products thus obtained.

C. Stripping.
Unless the contract involves a unit price for stripping, this item will not be measured for payment. Stripping, to be paid for as a separate item, will be measured by cross sectioning before and after excavation. The volumes will be computed by the average-end-area method. Payment will not be made for material excavated prior to cross sectioning by the Engineer. When removal and transportation of stripping involves a haul of more than 1000 feet (300 m), overhaul will be computed and paid for as provided in Section 2108.

2312.09 BASIS OF PAYMENT.
Payment for the quantities of various items of work, as measured above, will be made as follows:

A. Furnishing and Delivering Materials on the Road.
The Contractor will be paid the contract unit price per cubic yard or ton (cubic meter or megagram), as specified in the contract for furnishing and delivering granular surfacing material on the road. This payment shall be full compensation for furnishing, preparing, handling, transporting, and depositing the material on the road in accordance with the contract documents.

B. Preparing and Hauling Material Furnished by the Contracting Authority.
The Contractor will be paid the contract unit price per cubic yard or ton (cubic meter or megagram) for preparing and hauling material furnished at locations by the Contracting Authority. This payment shall be full compensation for removing, sorting, crushing, screening, washing, and transporting the material in accordance with the contract and these specifications. The number of additional 1 mile (1 km) haul units, computed as specified above, will be paid for at the contract unit price.

C. Stripping.
Unless the contract provides a separate contract unit price for stripping, this item will not be paid for separately, but will be considered as included in the contract unit price for preparing and hauling the material. When the contract provides for payment for stripping, the cubic yards (cubic meters) of excavation and the number of station-yards (cubic meters per metric station) of overhaul, computed as specified above, will be paid for at the contract unit prices for these items.

D. Removal and Transportation.
Removal and transportation of materials which are not permitted in surfacing material will not be paid for as a separate item. This material shall be included in the payment for preparing and hauling the material.

These payments shall be full compensation for furnishing all tools, equipment, and labor and for performance of all work necessary to complete the contract in conformance with the contract documents.