PRECAST CULVERTS & BRIDGE ELEMENTS
Concrete box culvert sections shall conform to the applicable requirements of LRFD ASTM 1577 for the design loading conditions. Approval to furnish wet or dry precast box culverts shall be on the basis of certification from an approved fabrication plant as listed in Appendix A of Office of Materials IM 445.02. Production plant approval shall be dependent on a recommendation by the District Materials Engineer responsible for the inspection of the plant and meeting requirements of IM 445. Precast Bridge Elements shall comply with all the applicable requirements described in this IM.
The District Materials Engineer responsible for the inspection of the facility shall authorize approval to furnish special sections such as elbows and other related precast sections, on the basis of certification.
All aggregates, cementitious materials, admixtures and reinforcing steel shall be from approved sources as listed in applicable Office of Materials IMs. Welded-wire fabric (WWF) reinforcement shall meet requirements of ASTM A185. Deformed WWF shall meet requirements of ASTM A497. Deformed billet-steel bars shall meet requirements of ASTM A615, Grade 60.
Coarse aggregate used in concrete mixtures shall be from approved sources meeting requirements of Section 4115, with a Class 2 or better durability rating.
U-shaped tie rods shall meet the requirements of ASTM A36 steel. Nuts shall be hex or heavy hex meeting the requirements of ASTM A563. Washers shall be flat and shall meet the requirements of ASTM A436. Tie rods (U-shaped), nuts, and washers shall be galvanized per ASTM A153, Class C.
Engineering fabric for joint wrapping shall be from an approved source listed in IM 496.01, Appendix C shall meet the criteria of Embankment Erosion Control (Specification 4196.01 B3).
Gaskets for joints shall be butyl rubber-based, rope gasket material, shall be from an approved source listed in IM 491.09, Appendix A.
Lifting cables shall be seven strands and shall meet the requirements of ASTM A416.
Only welders qualified according to 2408.03, B may perform welding for the bridge components.
All reinforcing, wire fabrics, tie rods, fasteners, lifting cables, and all other steel and iron products and coatings that will be incorporated in the final product shall be of domestic origin and shall be melted and manufactured in the USA.
PLACEMENT OF REINFORCEMENT
The minimum concrete cover over the circumferential reinforcement shall be one inch.
The inside circumferential reinforcement shall extend into the tongue portion of the joint and the outside circumferential reinforcement shall extend into the groove portion of the joint. The clear distance of the end circumferential steel shall not be less than 1/2 inch or more than 2 inches from the ends of the box section. The maximum variation in the position of the reinforcement, as indicated by the approved shop drawing shall be ± 3/8 inch for slab or wall thickness of 5 inches or less and ± 1/2 inch for thickness over 5 inches.
Splices in the circumferential reinforcement shall be made by lapping. The overlap, measured between the outermost longitudinal sires of each fabric sheet, shall not be less than the spacing of the longitudinal wires plus two inches. The minimum lap distance is ten inches.
CONCRETE MIXTURE
The District Materials Engineer shall approve concrete mixtures used. The concrete mixture shall be proportioned and placed to provide a homogeneous concrete mix free of honeycomb and other defects meeting the design 28-day strength requirements. Wet cast concrete mixture shall have a maximum water-to-cementitious materials ratio of 0.45 by weight.
CURING
One, or a combination of the following methods, shall be used to cure box sections: steam, water or use of an approved curing compound. The method used shall be so designed to provide and maintain a moist-cure environment at all times.
NOTE: When use of a curing compound is selected, the compound shall be sprayed on immediately after form removal and left intact until the concrete has achieved the specified 28-day compressive strength. The units must be protected from loss of moisture while still in the forms. Curing compound shall not be used when the ambient temperature is less than 32°F at the time of application.
The box sections shall be cured for a sufficient time to assure the concrete shall achieve the designed compressive strength within 28 days.
CONCRETE STRENGTH
Compression tests for determining concrete compressive strength may be made on standard rodded concrete cylinders or concrete cylinders compacted and cured in a like manner as the box sections, or on cores drilled from the box section.
A minimum average compressive concrete strength of 3500 psi shall be achieved before box sections may be moved and/or transferred to a storage site. At least three specimens shall be tested from each concrete mix used within a group (one day’s production) to determine compressive strength.
Acceptance strength testing shall be based on a minimum of three specimens per lot (one calendar week per mix used). The average compressive strength of all cylinders tested shall be equal to or greater than the design concrete strength, and none of the specimens shall be less than 80% of design strength.
Unless otherwise specified, the minimum 28-day compressive concrete strength is 5000 psi for box sections.
DESIGN DIMENSION TOLERANCES
· Internal dimension – 1%
· Haunch (out-to-out) – 1/4 inch
· Slab and wall thickness – shall not be less than that shown in the design by more than 5% or 3/16 in., whichever is greater.
· Length of opposite surfaces
7 ft. internal span or less – 1/8 in./ft. of internal span, maximum of 5/8 inch
Over 7 ft. internal span – 1/8 in./ft. of internal span, maximum of 3/4 inch
· Length of section – 1/8 in./ft. of length, maximum of 1/2 inch
· Area of reinforcement – areas of steel reinforcement shall be the design steel areas or greater. Minimum concrete coverage must be maintained.
MARKING
Each box section to be certified shall be legibly marked on the inside and the outside by indentation, waterproof paint or other approved method with the following:
· Span x Rise
· Date of Manufacture
· Name or Trademark of Manufacturer
· Maximum Design Earth Cover
· Certified Stamp
MONITOR INSPECTION CHECKLIST
The DOT developed an inspection checklist to assist the State Monitor/Inspector, which covers fabrication of the units. The checklist includes several items a monitor/inspector should cover for each project to assure compliance and uniformity statewide.
CHECKLIST – PRECAST BOX CULVERTS
Project Number County
Size Design Cover
Required Documentation:
q Approved Shop Drawing
q Steel Mill Certifications (Approved Source)
q Aggregate Certifications (Truck Tickets)
q Cement Certifications (Delivery Tickets)
q Cylinder Breaks
(One day and shipping strength – 3 cylinders/calendar week for shipping – average equal to or greater than required strength – none less than 80% of required strength)
Required Steel Areas (Steel Designation Areas):
As1 As2 As3 As4
As5 As6 As7 As8
(NOTE: The steel areas for As5 and As6 are normally included in As7 and As8 by increasing steel area and modifying spacing. As5 and As6 mats are not normally installed.)
Steel Incorporated (Steel Used):
As1 As2 As3 As4
As5 As6 As7 As8
Verify:
q Joint Sealer (Butyl Rubber Base)
q Engineering Fabric (Approved Source)
q Joint Tie Rods (Galvanized, A36 Steel)
q Required Identification
Signed
District Materials Staff